Medical Dictionary Definitions A-Z List
Medical Dictionary Definitions A - Z - «T»:
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Transaminase clinical usage
Transaminase clinical usage:
Two of the better known enzymes in the transaminase class
are serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and
serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). Both SGOT and
SGPT are normally found primarily in liver and heart cells,
are released into the bloodstrea...
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Transaminase nomenclature
Transaminase nomenclature: The
names and abbreviations applied to the transaminases are
quite confusing since (just as a starter) a transaminase is
an aminotransferase, SGOT is known alternatively as
aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and SGPT also goes as
alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In c...
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Transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic
Transaminase, serum glutamic oxaloacetic: An
enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart cells,
and is released into blood when the liver or heart is
damaged. Blood SGOT levels are thus elevated with liver
damage (for example, from viral hepatitis) or with an
insult to the heart (for ex...
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Transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic (SGPT)
Transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic
(SGPT): An enzyme that is normally present in liver and heart
cells, and is released into blood when the liver or heart is damaged.
Blood SGPT levels are thus elevated with liver damage (for example,
from viral hepatitis) or with an insult to the heart (for...
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Transcranial
Transcranial: Through the cranium. As, for example, in transcranial magnetic stimulation....
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Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Abbreviated TMS. A non-invasive technique that consists of a magnetic field emanating from a wire coil held outside the head. The magnetic field induces an electrical current in nearby regions of the brain. TMS was originally developed as a diagnostic tool for map...
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Transcription
Transcription: Making an RNA copy from a sequence of
DNA (a gene). Transcription is the first step in gene expression....
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Transcription factor
Transcription factor: A protein that controls when genes are switched on or off -- whether genes are transcribed or not. Transcription factors bind to regulatory regions in the genome and help control gene expression....
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Transcriptome
Transcriptome: The complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome at any one time. The transcriptome is dynamic and changes under different circumstances due to different patterns of gene expression. The study of the transcriptome is termed transcriptomics....
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Transcriptomics
Transcriptomics: The study of the transcriptome, the complete set of RNA transcripts produced by the genome at any one time....
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Transdifferentiation
Transdifferentiation: 1. The change of a cell or tissue from one differentiated state to another.
2. The differentiation of a tissue-specific stem cell into another type of cell as, for example, a bone marrow stem cell differentiating into a neuron....
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Transducer
Transducer: An instrument that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. A transducer can also act as a transmitter and receiver of ultrasound information....
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Transesophageal echocardiography
Transesophageal echocardiography: A diagnostic test, using a special probe placed within the esophagus, that employs ultrasound waves to make images of the heart chambers, valves and surrounding structures. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has unusually accurate imaging capabilities that permi...
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Transfer RNA (tRNA)
Transfer RNA (tRNA): A class of RNA that has triplet
nucleotide sequence complementary to the triplet nucleotide coding sequences of messenger
RNA (mRNA). The role of tRNAs is to bond with amino acids and transfer them to the
ribosomes, where proteins are assembled according to the genetic code carr...
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Transferrin
Transferrin: A plasma protein that transports iron through the blood to the liver, spleen and bone marrow.
The blood transferrin level is tested for diverse reasons: to determine the cause of anemia, to examine iron metabolism (for example, in iron deficiency anemia) and to determine the iron-carryi...
